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Analysis of Iranian Recombinant S2 Subunit Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential of Probiotics in Enhancing Their Immunogenicity
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Meisam Akrami   , Khosrow Aghaipour Kolyani * , Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi , Ashraf Mohammadi , Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi |
| Department of Biotechnology, BeheshtAein Laboratory Complex, (MABA) No 193 Jalal Al Ahmad Avenue, Tehran, Iran3. Department of Genomics and Genetic Engineering, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran |
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Abstract: |
Abstract:
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which began in 2019, posed a significant global challenge. Developing effective vaccines became a key strategy to control this crisis. Recombinant protein-based vaccines gained attention due to their high immunogenicity and ease of production. Iran also developed vaccines such as SpikoGen, PastoCovac, CovPars, Fakhri, and Nura using this technology.This study is a bioinformatics-based analytical research evaluating Iranian recombinant protein vaccines targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Data were collected from scientific publications, WHO reports, and the Iranian Ministry of Health. Iranian vaccines demonstrated significant efficacy in clinical trials, particularly in reducing severe cases and mortality due to COVID--19. SpikoGen and PastoCovac induced strong immune responses against mutated strains. CovPars, with its intranasal booster, enhanced mucosal immunity. Fakhri and Nura were developed as domestic alternatives reducing dependency on imported vaccines. Iranian recombinant vaccines offer advantages such as low production costs and thermal stability, making them suitable for developing countries. However, challenges such as large-scale production limitations and the need for comparative studies remain. This study suggests that Iranian recombinant vaccines exhibit promising immunogenicity and efficacy. Further studies are required to assess their long-term effectiveness and direct comparisons with global vaccines. Moreover, the use of probiotics as an adjunct to enhance the immunogenicity of these vaccines through gut microbiome modulation could be explored.
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| Keywords: CovPars, Fakhri, Nura, PastoCovac, Probiotic, Recombinant vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, SpikoGen, Spike protein |
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Type of Study: Research |
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